2023年6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版1 PartIWriting(30minutes) Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteash下面是小编为大家整理的2023年6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇,供大家参考。
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版1
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A) See a doctor about her strained shoulder.
B) Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.
C) Replace the cupboard with a new one.
D) Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.
2. A) At Mary Johnson’s. C) In an exhibition hall.
B) At a painter’s studio. D) Outside an art gallery.
3. A) The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.
B) She does not quite agree with what the man said.
C) The man had better talk with the students himself.
D) New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.
4. A) He helped Doris build up the furniture.
B) Doris helped him arrange the furniture.
C) Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.
D) He was good at assembling bookshelves.
5. A) He doesn’t get on with the others. C) He has been taken for a fool.
B) He doesn’t feel at ease in the firm. D) He has found a better position.
6. A) They should finish the work as soon as possible.
B) He will continue to work in the garden himself.
C) He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.
D) They can hire a gardener to do the work.
7. A) The man has to get rid of the used furniture.
B) The man’s apartment is ready for rent.
C) The furniture is covered with lots of dust.
D) The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.
8. A) The man will give the mechanic a call.
B) The woman is waiting for a call.
C) The woman is doing some repairs.
D) The man knows the mechanic very well.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) She had a job interview to attend.
B) She was busy finishing her project.
C) She had to attend an important meeting.
D) She was in the middle of writing an essay.
10. A) Accompany her roommate to the classroom.
B) Hand in her roommate’s application form.
C) Submit her roommate’s assignment.
D) Help her roommate with her report.
11. A) Where Dr. Ellis’s office is located.C) Directions to the classroom building.
B) When Dr. Ellis leaves his office.D) Dr. Ellis’s schedule for the afternoon.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He finds it rather stressful. C) He can handle it quite well.
B) He is thinking of quitting it.D) He has to work extra hours.
13. A) The 6:00 one.C) The 7:00 one.
B) The 6:30 one.D) The 7:30 one.
14. A) It is an awful waste of time.
B) He finds it rather unbearable.
C) The time on the train is enjoyable.
D) It is something difficult to get used to.
15. A) Reading newspapers.C) Listening to the daily news.
B) Chatting with friends.D) Planning the day’s work.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
16. A) Ignore small details while reading.
B) Read at least several chapters at one sitting.
C) Develop a habit of reading critically.
D) Get key information by reading just once or twice.
17. A) Choose one’s own system of marking.
B) Underline the key words and phrases.
C) Make as few marks as possible.
D) Highlight details in a red color.
18. A) By reading the textbooks carefully again.
B) By reviewing only the marked parts.
C) By focusing on the notes in the margins.
D) By comparing notes with their classmates.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) The sleep a person needs varies from day to day.
B) The amount of sleep for each person is similar.
C) One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep.
D) Everybody needs some sleep for survival.
20. A) It is a made-up story.C) It is a rare exception.
B) It is beyond cure.D) It is due to an accident.
21. A) His extraordinary physical condition.
B) His mother’s injury just before his birth.
C) The unique surroundings of his living place.
D) The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. A) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.
B) She learned to write for financial newspapers.
C) She developed a strong interest in finance.
D) She tenderly looked after her sick mother.
23. A) She made a wise investment in real estate.
B) She sold the restaurant with a substantial profit.
C) She got 1.5 million dollars from her ex-husband.
D) She inherited a big fortune from her father.
24. A) She was extremely mean with her money.
B) She was dishonest in business dealings.
C) She frequently ill-treated her employees.
D) She abused animals including her pet dog.
25. A) She made a big fortune from wise investment.
B) She built a hospital with her mother’s money.
C) She made huge donations to charities.
D) She carried on her family’s tradition.
Section C
Direction: In the section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Among the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are (26)______ in form but different in meaning in the two cultures. For example, a Colombian who wants someone to (27)______ him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped, point downward as they move rapidly (28)_______. Speakers or English have a similar gesture through the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely, but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away, quite the (29)______ of the Colombian gesture. Again, in Colombian, a speaker of English would have to know that when he (30)________ height he most choose between different gestures depending on whether he is (31)_______ a human being or an animal. If he keeps the palm of the hand (32)_________ the floor, as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child, for example, he will very likely be greeted by laughter, in Colombia this gesture is (33)_________ for the description of animals. In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand (34)_________ to the floor. Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also (35)________ moment. In both of the examples above, speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture, physically, but its meaning differs shar*.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world. Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000 -year -long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice 36 away. However, we have already reached temperatures that are in 37 with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural. We are 38 to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures 39 between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years. The warming will be more 40 in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off. Likewise, the 41 of this warming will be very different depending on where you are—coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels, while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (宜居的) and 42 for humans than these areas are now.
The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on 43 , everywhere. Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend. Some scientists 44 that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random (无规律的) variation—some years are cold, others warm, and we have just had an unremarkable string of warm years 45 —but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The End of the Book?
[A] Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling more books in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format. That is remarkable, considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years. E-books now account for 14 percent of all book sales in the country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales. E-book sales are up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacks decreased 8 percent.
[B] Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all. What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade or so more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type in the 1450s.
[C] Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace. Mass market paperbacks, which have been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries, thrillers, “romance fiction,” etc. Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections, either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years. Hardback and trade paperbacks for “serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer. Perhaps it will become the mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is still published in hard copy.
[D] As for children’s books, who knows? Children’s books are like dog food in that the purchasers are not the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.
[E] For clues to the book’s future, let’s look at some examples of technological change and see what happened to the old technology.
[F] One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both. The greater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old. Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. A Bible—to be sure, a long book—required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor. Before printing arrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house. There were perhaps 50,000 books in all of Europe in 1450. By 1500 there were 10 million.
[G] But while printing quickly caused the hand written book to die out, handwriting lingered on (继续存在) well into the 16th century. Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they are one-of-a-kind show pieces.
[H]Sometimes a new technology doesn’t drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the rest to evolve. The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but they didn’t, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce. Equally, TV was supposed to replace movies but, again, did not.
[I] Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater. And while TV didn’t kill movies, it did kill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.
[J] Nor did TV kill radio. Comedy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”) all migrated to television. But because you can’t drive a car and watch television at the same time, rush hour became radio’s prime, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged their audiences. Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.
[K] Sometimes old technology lingers for centuries because of its symbolic power. Mounted cavalry (骑兵) replaced the chariot (二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC. But chariots maintained their place in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later. The sword hasn’t had a military function for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer’s full-dress uniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”
[L] Sometimes new technology is a little cranky (不稳定的) at first. Television repairman was a common occupation in the 1950s, for instance. And so the old technology remains as a backup. Steamships captured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greater speed. But steamships didn’t lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had a nasty habit of breaking down. Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mount two engines side by side, they needed to keep sails. (The high cost of steam and the lesser need for speed kept the majority of the world’s ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)
[M] Then there is the fireplace. Central heating was present in every upper-and middle-class home by the second half of the 19th century. But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling point in a house or apartment. I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of the fire. Fire was one of the earliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to cat and digest). Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a million years) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect of human life.
[N] Books—especially books the average person could afford—haven’t been around long enough to produce evolutionary change in humans. But they have a powerful hold on many people nonetheless, a hold extending far beyond their literary content. At their best, they are works of art and there is a tactile(触觉的)pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions. The ability to quickly thumb through pages is also lost. And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling not dissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter’s night.
[O] For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product than some currently predict. Like swords, books have symbolic power. Like fireplaces, they induce a sense of comfort and warmth. And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful back-up for when the lights go out.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.
47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.
48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.
49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.
50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.
51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.
52. The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.
53. A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.
54. Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.
55. A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60are based on the following passage.
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn’t an either/or proposition(命题)，although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM(science, technology, engineering, maths)-related fields can make it seem that way.
The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities (人文学科)and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative(创新的)leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56. What does the latest congressional report suggest?
A) STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B) The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
C) The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D) Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?
A) Their interest in relevant subjects.
B) The academic value of the courses.
C) The quality of education to receive.
D) Their chances of getting a good job.
58. What does the author say about the so called soft subjects?
A) The benefit students in their future life.
B) They broaden students’ range of interests.
C) They improve students’ communication skills.
D) They are essential to students’ healthy growth.
59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for?
A) Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B) Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C) Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
D) Those who have received a well-rounded education.
60. What advice does the author give to college students?
A) Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B) Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C) Prepare themselves for different job options.
D) Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Energy independence. It has a nice ring to it. Doesn’t it? If you think so, you’re not alone, because energy independence has been the dream of American president for decades, and never more so than in the past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off the great recession.
“Energy independence” and its rhetorical (修辞的) companion “energy security” are, however, slippery concepts that are rarely though through. What is it we want independence from, exactly?
Most people would probably say that they want to be independent from imported oil. But there are reasons that we buy all that old from elsewhere.
The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running. Yes, there is a trickle(涓涓细流)of biofuel(生物燃料)available, and more may become available, but most biofuels cause economic waste and environmental destruction.
Second, Americans have basically decided that they don’t really want to produce all their own oil. They value the environmental quality they preserve over their oil imports from abroad. Vast areas of the United States are off-limits to oil exploration and production in the name of environmental protection. To what extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energy production in order to cut back imports?
Third, there are benefits to trade. It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buy things from places that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit. And although you don’t read about this much, the United States is also a large exporter of oil products, selling about 2 million barrels of petroleum products per day to about 90 countries.
There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies on that steady flow to maintain its economy. When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in short supplies and higher prices, At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy the most affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61. What does the author say about energy independence for America?
A) It sounds very attractive. C) It will bring oil prices down.
B) It ensures national security. D) It has long been everyone’s dream.
62. What does the author think of biofuels?
A) They keep America’s economy running healthily.
B) They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.
C) They do not provide a sustainable energy sup*.
D) They cause serious damage to the environment.
63. Why does America rely heavily on oil imports?
A) It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.
B) Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.
C) It wants to keep its own environment intact.
D) Its own oil production falls short of demand.
64. What does the author say about oil trade?
A) It proves profitable to both sides. C) It makes for economic prosperity.
B) It improves economic efficiency. D) It saves the cost of oil exploration.
65. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A) To justify America’s dependence on oil imports.
B) To arouse Americans’ awareness of the energy crisis.
C) To stress the importance of energy conservation.
D) To explain the increase of international oil trade.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
为了促进教育公*，*已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和中强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
6月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)
Part Ⅰ Writing
The First Place I Will Show in My Hometown—the Central Avenue
My hometown is Harbin. The most interesting place which I would like to take my foreign friends to is the Central Avenue, if they come to my hometown. The reasons for this can be illustrated as below.
To begin with, as the symbol of Harbin, the Central Avenue not only has a long history, but also a famous food palace. There are a variety of delicious foods for you to choose. Just take the ice-cream brick of Ma Dieer as an example. Many of tourists to the Central Avenue sing their praises for the ice-cream brick of Ma Dieer. In addition, the brilliant historic culture of the Central Avenue can widen people’s vision and enhance their knowledge, which lays a solid foundation for the understanding of this fabulous city—Harbin.
I believe my foreign friends will enjoy themselves in the Central Avenue. Not only can they appreciate the wonderful landscape of Harbin but also taste authentic northeast food. No better place can be chosen than the Central Avenue!
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
1-5: BDDCD
6-10: ADBAC
11-15: ACBCA
16-20: DABDC
20-25: BCDAB
26. identical
27. approach
28. back and forth
29. opposite
30. indicates
31. referring to
32. parallel to
33. reserved
34. at the right angle
35. embarrassing
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A
36. melted
37. line
38. contributing
39. ranging
40. dramatic
41. impact
42. appealing
43. average
44. maintain
45. recently
Section B
46. C Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace….
47. N Books—especially books the average…
48. J Nor did TV kill radio…
49. H Sometimes a new technology doesn’t…
50. A Amazon, by far the largest…
51. L Sometimes old technology lingers for…
52. B Does this spell the doom of the ….
53. F One technology replaces another only…
54. C Physical books will surely become much rather…
55. M Then there is the fireplace…
Section C
56. B The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
57. D Their chances of getting a good job.
58. A They benefit students in their future life.
59. D Those who have received a well-rounded education.
60. C Prepare themselves for different job options.
61. A It sounds very attractive.
62. D They cause serious damage to the environment.
63. C It wants to keep its own environment intact.
64. B It improves economic efficiency.
65. A To justify America"s dependence on oil imports.
Part IV Translation
In order to promote equality in education, China has invested 36 billion Yuan to improve educational facilities in rural areas and strengthen rural compulsory education in Midwest areas. These funds are used to improve teaching facilities, and purchase books, benefiting more than 160,000 primary and secondary schools. Funds are used to purchase musical instrument and painting tools as well. Now children in rural and mountainous areas can have music and painting lessons as children from coastal cities do. Some students who has transferred to city schools to receive a better education are now moving back to their local rural schools.
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版2
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure
[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.
[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”
[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically sche*ng automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.
36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.
37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.
39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.
41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.
42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.
44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
答案：
36.D
37. J
38. L
39. A
40. E
41. K
42. I
43.B
44. G
45. C
四级阅读理解答案：词汇理解
26. G)habitats
【语法判断】marine是形容词，表示“海洋的”，后面应该跟一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、habitats(栖息地)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。
【语意判断】从上下文可知，暗礁是潜泳和保护海洋______的圣地，所以应该选habitats，海洋栖息地。
27. M)stripped
【语法判断】此处谓语不完整，要填写动词，由was可知要使用被动语态。符合条件的动词有depressed(使…沮丧)、stripped(剥夺、剥离)。
【语意判断】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能对环境有害的东西，所以应该选stripped，被剥离了。
28. A)create
【语法判断】此处是倒装句，the sunken plane will后面应该跟动词原形。符合条件的动词有create(创作、创造)、innovate(发明)。
【语意判断】被沉默的飞机不仅仅将会给人工暗礁的生长_____完美的骨架，所以应该选create，创造出。
29. L)stretches
【语法判断】主句缺少谓语，主语是the plane，应该选择动词的第三人称单数。符合条件的动词有experiences(经历)、stretches(延展到)
【语意判断】这个飞机____总长度54米，所以应该选stretches，延展到。
30. C)eventually
【语法判断】where引导的从句有完整的主谓宾结构，空格处应该填写副词。符合条件的副词有eventually(最后，终于)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【语意判断】在这个地方，潜水者将_______能够探索机舱和….，因为是在飞机沉下去以后，潜水者才能够进行探索，所以应该选eventually，最终
31. F)exterior
【语法判断】由plane’s可知此处为所有格，应该填一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。
【语意判断】潜水者最终可以探索机舱和飞机的_____，潜水者会探索飞机的内部和外部，所以应该选exterior，外部。
32. J)investment
【语法判断】由that代词可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。
【语意判断】他们(投资者)希望通过旅游业看到在_____上的回报，又从前一句知道投资者在飞机上花了大量的金钱，所以应该选择investment，投资上的回报。
33. O)victim
【语法判断】由定冠词the和介词of可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、territory(领土)、victim(受害者)。
【语意判断】土耳其这个国家是几起致命的恐怖袭击的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游业出现了下滑的趋势，他们受到了恐怖袭击的影响，所以应该选victim，受害者。
34. I)intentionally
【语法判断】sunk修饰aircraft表示被沉没的飞机，此处可以填写一个形容词和sunk并列修饰aircraft，也可以是一个副词修饰形容词sunk。符合条件的形容词有depressed(沮丧的.)、revealing(透露真情的、有启迪作用的);符合条件的副词有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【语意判断】A300是的______被沉没的飞机，由上下文可知，这架飞机是被人为地沉没到海底地，所以此处应该选intentionally，故意被沉没的飞机。
35. E)exploring
【语法判断】and并联连词连接taking和填空部分，形式应与taking保持一致，动词的现在分词形式。符合条件的动词有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。
【语意判断】经历一场水下旅行和_______沉没的A300内部，由语意可知，应该选择exploring，探索内部。
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3
Part I Writing (30minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
That’s enough, kids
It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.
“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpected.
“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”
Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.
In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids:”If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”
Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.
“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”
In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.
“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”
He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.
This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says.
Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:”Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”
When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”
There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any *, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”
For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”
He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that *s suffer form it as much as child.
Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”
“it’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”
This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. it’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?
“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”
White believes our notions of a more child-centred, it’s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”
One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’s intervention(干预) on her son’s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’s mother.
As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”
Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?
A) make an apology
B) come over to intervene
C) discipline her own boy
D) take her own boy away
2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children?
A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way
B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing
C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids
D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble
3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel
A) discouraged
B) hurt
C) puzzled
D) overwhelmed
4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?
A) talk to them directly in a mild way
B) complain to their parents politely
C) sim* leave them alone
D) punish them lightly
5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society,
A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them
B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public
C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings
D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids
6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep, .
A) it’s easy for people to become impatient
B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct
C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody
D) it’s hard for people to admire each other
7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?
A) they’d question the teachers
B) they’d charge up to the school
C) they’d tell the kids to clam down
D) They’d put the blame on their kids
8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged.
9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they can be proud of.
10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not stay silent.
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11．A)Only true friendship can last long.
B)Letter writing is going out of style.
C)She keeps in regular touch with her classmates.
D)She has lost contact with most of her old friends.
12. A) A painter. C) A porter.
B) A mechanic. D) A carpenter.
13. A) Look for a place near her office. C) Make inquiries elsewhere.
B) Find a new job down the street. D) Rent the $600 apartment.
14.A) He prefers to wear jeans with a larger waist.
B) He has been extremely busy recently.
C) He has gained some weight lately.
D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.
15.A)The woman possesses a natural for art.
B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.
C) He isn’t good at abstract thinking.
D) He doesn’t like abstract paintings.
16.A) She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.
B) she may have put her notebook amid the journals.
C) she should have made careful notes while doing reading.
D) she shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.
17. A)she wants to get some sleep C) she has a literature class to attend
B) she needs time to write a paper D)she is troubled by her sleep problem
18.A)He is confident he will get the job.
B)His chance of getting the job is slim.
C)It isn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.
D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.A)He can manage his time more flexibly.
B)He can renew contact with his old friends.
C)He can concentrate on his own projects.
D)He can learn to do administrative work.
20.A)Reading its ads in the newspapers.
B)Calling its personnel department.
C)Contacting its manager.
D)Searching its website.
21.A)To cut down its production expenses.
B)To solve the problem of staff shortage.
C)To improve its administrative efficiency.
D)To utilize its retired employees’ resources.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22.A)Buy a tractor.
B)Fix a house.
C)See a piece of property.
D)Sing a business contract.
23.A)It is only forty miles form where they live.
B)It is a small one with a two-bedroom house.
C)It was a large garden with fresh vegetables.
D)It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.
24.A)Growing potatoes will involve less labor.
B)Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.
C)It may not be big enough for raising corn.
D)Raising potatoes will be more profitable.
25A)Finances
B)Equipment
C)Labor
D)Profits
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
26 A)To introduce the chief of the city’s police force
B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guest
C)To address the issue of community security
D)To explain the functions of the city council
27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management
B)He is head of the International Police Force
C)He completed his higher education abroad
D)He holds a master’s degree in criminology
28 A)To coordinate work among police departments
B)To get police officers closer to the local people
C)To help the residents in times of emergency
D)To enable the police to take prompt action
29 A)Popular
B)discouraging
C)effective
D)controversial
Passage Two
30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicate
B)there are numerous languages in existence
C)Most public languages are inherently vague
D)Big gaps exist between private and public languages
31 A)it is a sign of human intelligence
B)in improves with constant practice
C)it is something we are born with
D)it varies from person to person
32 A)how private languages are developed
B)how different languages are related
C)how people create their languages
D)how children learn to use language
Passage Three
33 A)she was a tailor
B)she was an engineer
C)she was an educator
D)she was a public speaker
34.
A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.
B) Including interesting examples in them
C) Adjusting them to different audiences
D) Focusing on the latest progress in space science
35.
A) Whether spacemen carry weapons
B) How spacesuits protect spacemen
C) How NASA trains its spacemen
D) What spacemen cat and drink
Section C
Directions : In this section .you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Crime is increasing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)____will continue through the next few decades.
Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)____has appeared on the world(38)____rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few(39)____. Street crimes such as robbery, rape (40)___and auto theft are clearly rising(41)___in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.
What is driving this crime (42)____?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions(43) _______with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government,(44) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
These conditions are increasingly observable around the world . For instance, cultures that were previously isolated and homogeneous(同种类的) ,such as Japan, Denmark and Greece (45)____________________________________________________________________________
Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the twenty-first century, and (46)_________________________________________________
36 trend
37 phenomenon
38 scene
39 offences
40 murder
41 particularly
42 explosion
43 associated
44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.
46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)
Section A
Question 47-56
A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_F_____for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_K____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 H_____ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 G_____ of human experiences and come to ___51 N____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 I____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53 B__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.
Books provide ___54 A_____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 O____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 M___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.
A. Abundant
B. Characters
C. Communicating
D. Completely
E. Derive
F. Desire
G. Diversity
H. Escape
I. Establishing
J. Narrow
K. Naturally
L. Personnel
M. Properly
N. Respect
O. Widen
Section B
Directions There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage one
Question 57 to 61 based on the following passage.
If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of *. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.
There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”
Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.
Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”
According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.
Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups
Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”
57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.
B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.
C. They have lived long enough to read this article.
D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.
58。What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
A. men drink and smoke much more than women
B. men don’t seek medical care as often as women
C. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger
D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases
59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him,…’(line2,para,8)?
A. it could happen to me, too
B. I should avoid playing golf
C. I should consider myself lucky
D. it would be a big misfortune
60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)
A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions
B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems
C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
D. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear
61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
A.They may increase public expenses
B.They will save money in the long run
C.They may cause psychological strains on men
D.They will enable men to live as long as women
Passage two
Question 62 to 66 are based on the following passage
High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.
Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their compe*s, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school
“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”
On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.
According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.
The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance climinated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.
Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?
A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences.
B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.
C Few customers believe the service will be improved.
D Customers have no easy access to store managers.
63. What does Paula Courtney im* by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?
A New customers are bound to replace old ones.
B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.
C Most stores provide the same
D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.
64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____
A can stay longer browsing in the store
B won’t have trouble parking their cars
C won’t have any worries about security
D can find their cars easily after shopping
65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
A Manners of the salespeople
B Hiring of efficient employees
C Huge sup* of goods for sale
D Design of the store layout.
66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.
A exert pressure on stores to improve their service
B settle their dis*s with stores in a diplomatic way
C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly
D shop around and make comparisons between stores
Part V Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true 67 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 68 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 69 to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72, equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communities do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities.
Organized youth sports 75 appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 76 some educators and developmental experts 77 that the behavior and character of children were 78 influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This 79 many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in 80 ways, you could influence the kinds of *s that those children would become.
This belief that the social 81 influenced a person’s overall development was very 82 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States 83 the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 84 they might control the experiences of children to 85 responsible and productive *s. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a 86 capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.
67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards
68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor
69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route
70 A. little B. less C. more D. much
71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack
72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare
73. A. so B. as C. and D. but
74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain
75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally
76.A. before B. while C. until D. when
77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited
78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly
79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led
80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar
81.A. engagement B. environment C.s tate D. status
82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising
83.A. for B. with C. over D. at
84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however
85.A. multi* B. manufacture C. produce D. provide
86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying
Part VI Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on answer sheet 2
87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers_to (他们至今还没有答案)
88.What most parents are concerned about (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.
89.You’d better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold (以防天气变冷)
90.Throught the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own business (决定自己创业)
91.the anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor (直到一名医生偶然发现了它)
答案
一、快速阅读
1-7:3321224
8:challenged
9：can be pround of
10：stay silent
二、听力答案：A-B卷通用
11-15：DACCD
16-20：BBBAD
DCBCA
ADBCB
CDBCA
36 trend
37 phenomenon
38 scene
39 offences
40 murder
41 particularly
42 explosion
43 associated
44 changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong.
45 are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history.
46 failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems.
三、词汇
47-56：F、k、N、G、E、I、B、A、O、M
57-66：CBADB BCBAC
67-76：ADABD CCABD
77-86：ACDCB ADBCA
四、翻译：
87、that they haven’t found answers_to
88、What most parents are concerned about
89、You’d better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold
90、decided to start their own business
91、until it was accidentally found by a doctor
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇扩展阅读
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展1）
——6月英语四级听力真题及原文3篇
6月英语四级听力真题及原文1
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will bear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.
Now let’s begin with the eight shortconversations.
1.
W: Tom, would you be interested in serving on the membership commi* this year?
M: Can I get back to you on that in a few days?
Q: What does the man mean?
2.
W: We should buy a good guide book and study it before our trip to Vancouver.
M: We could. But they are overpriced. What about the library?
Q: What does the man mean?
3.
W: You took a history course this term, didn’t you? What can you say about it?
M: Well, the trouble is that I never get through the weekly reading list, though some books are quite interesting.
Q: What does the man mean?
4.
M: I"m taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.
W: I went there last weekend. I found it rather disappointing.
Q: What does the woman mean?
5.
W: Winter is over at last. Time to put away my gloves and boots.
M: I"ve been waiting for this for months.
Q: What does the man mean?
6.
M: Look, the curtain is going up slowly and all the lights over the stage are lit up.
W: Yeah, the play is starting. Oh, something caught my sleeve. Give me a hand please, Bob.
Q: Where are the speakers now?
7.
W: You only have water to serve your guests?
M: This isn’t just plain water. This is mineral water from Tibet.
Q: What does the man im*?
8.
W: When do you have time to discuss our environmental report? I think we will have to make some revisions.
M: I’ll be free at 3 o’clock this afternoon. But what exactly needs to be changed?
Q: What are the speakers going to do this afternoon?
Now you’ll hear the two long conversations.
Conversation One
W: Why is it important to recycle?
M: There are many reasons. Recycling is one way to keep waste out of landfills. Landfills are places to dump waste.
But they are unpopular, because they can pollute the soil used to cover them and that’s bad for people who may build new homes there.
Recycling also reuses valuable raw materials, such as aluminum and paper.
Finally, recycling can leave a lower garbage bill.
Recycling lowers the amount of waste put into landfills, therefore, less money is spent for garbage disposal.
W: How has recycling changed over the years?
M: Ten or twenty years ago, you could buy milk in returnable, refillable, glass bottles, and many people recycled voluntarily.
Now you buy milk and other products in plastic bottles or paper containers.
Because of the high cost of disposing of these things in landfills, many city governments now have recycling programs.
W: How does recycling help the environment?
M: Recycling helps the environment mainly by saving energy.
For example, it takes 95 percent less energy to produce recycled aluminum than to produce new aluminum.
W: Can one person really make a difference? If only a few people recycle, then what’s the point?
M: If not you, then who? If we combine our efforts, we can make a difference. Each of us contributes to the waste problem.
All the millions of tons of waste that go into landfills started as an old pair of slippers, a broken TV set, or a used magazine that came from somebody’s house—maybe yours!
9. Why are landfills unpopular according to the man?
10. What does the man say has contributed to the increasing amount of waste over the years?
11. According to the man, how does recycling help the environment?
12. Why does the man say everybody should make an effort to recycle?
Conversation Two
W: Could you please give me information on airfares from Miami to Bellingham, Washington? We’d like to buy a good flight as chea* as possible.
M: Let’s see. I want to advise you to pay the normal one-way economy class fare of $555.
If you can fly on a Tuesday or Wednesday and buy your tickets at least 21 days in advance, I suggest you book a round-trip excursion flight.
W: But we may not need the return tickets.
M: That’s all right. Even if you don’t use them, you should be able to save $89 over the one-way fare.
Of course, I’d recommend early booking. You ought to try to reserve the “Super Saver” seats.
There are only a few of them and they are 50% cheaper than the others.
W: That sounds like a good idea.
M: Wait, to save another hundred dollars or so, why don’t you book a flight to Vancouver, Canada?
W: But that’s farther than where we want to go.
M: I know, but you can take a bus from Vancouver back to Bellingham and still save money.
And if you are travelling with children, you might be able to get a discount if you fly economy class. But they don’t get any discount.
But to take the advantage of the airline’s guarantee fare policy, you’d have to make reservations and pay for your tickets at least six weeks in advance.
Try and begin the search for available seats...
W: No, thank you.
M: Excuse me?
W: I’ll call you back if we don’t decide to drive.
13.Where is the woman planning to go?
14.What is the woman’s purpose in calling the man?
15.What does the man advise the woman to do?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A) He is pleased to sit on the commi* C) He will tell the woman his decision later
B) He is willing to offer the woman a hand D) He would like to become a club member
2. A) Their planned trip to Vancouver is obviously overpriced
B) They should borrow a guide book instead of buying one
C ) The guide books in the library have the latest information
D) The library can help order guide books about Vancouver
3. A) He regrets having taken the history course
B) He finds little interests in history books
C) He has trouble finishing his reading assignments
D) He has difficulty in writing the weekly book report
4. A) The man had better choose another restaurant
B) The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating
C) The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately
D) The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant
5. A) He has been looking forward to sping C) He will clean the woman’s boots for spring
C) He has been waiting for the winter sale D) He will help the woman put things away
6. A) At a tailor’s C) In a cloth store
B) At Bob’s home D) In a theatre
7. A) His guests favors Tibetan drinks C) Mineral water is good for health
B) His water is quite extraordinary D) Plain water will serve the purpose
8. A) Report the result of a discussion C) Submit an important documentation
B) Raise some environmental issues D) Revise an environmental report
Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) They pollute the soil used to cover them
B) They are harmful to nearby neighborhoods
C) The rubbish in them takes long to dissolve
D) The gas they emit is extremely poisonous
10. A) Growing populations C) Changed eating habits
B) Packaging materials D) Lower production cost
11. A) By saving energy C) By reducing poisonous wastes
B) By using less aluminum D) By making the most of materials
12. A) We are running out of natural resources soon
B) Only combined efforts can make a difference
C) The waste problem will eventually hurt all of us
D) All of us can actually benefit from recycling
Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13. A) Miami C) Bellingham
B) Vancouver D) Boston
14. A) To get information on one-way tickets to Canada
B) To inquire about the price of “Super saver ” seats
C) To get advice on how to fly as chea* as possible
D) To inquire about the shortest route to drive home
15. A) Join a tourist group C) Avoid trips in public holidays
B) Choose a major airline D) Book tickets as early as possible
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marketed A), B),C) and D). Then marked the correspond letter on Answer sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
What makes a person famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about.
All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people.
Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Yet how many know Shakespeare, the person, the man behind the works?
After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare"s personal history. It is not easily found in his writings.
Authors of the time could not protect their works. An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to. Nowadays, writers have copyrights that protect their work.
Many myths arose about Shakespeare. Some said he had no formal education. Others believed that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men.
All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not.
Shakespeare"s father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon, a member of the town council. He sent young William to grammar school.
Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school; so, Shakespeare did have, at least, an average education.
Some parts of Shakespeare"s life will always remain unknown.
The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could have been a source of clues.
We will always be left with many questions and few facts.
16. What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?
17. What do we learn about Shakespeare"s father?
18. Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare"s life will remain a mystery?
Passage Two
Almost everyone suffers from a headache occasionally. But some people suffer from repeated, frequent headaches.
A headache is important because it can be the first warning of a serious condition that could probably be controlled if discovered early.
If a person removes the warning, day after day, with a pain-killer, he or she may pass the point of easy control.
The professional name for covering up a symptom is “masking.”
A headache specialist once said, “Masking symptoms is not the best way of treatment. Sometimes it is wiser to stand still than to advance in darkness.”
A headache often interferes needlessly with normal, happy living.
The employee with a headache does less work.
In a flash of temper he or she may upset fellow workers or customers, causing a direct or indirect loss to the organization.
The mother with a headache suffers and disturbs the family. She upsets her husband and children.
Rest, quiet and fresh air stop many common headaches. Lying down and possibly falling asleep may help.
One can often handle tension headaches by rubbing and pressing back neck muscles.
Heat from an electric pad or a warm bath can also help.
Because hunger may be overlooked as a headache source, one must make a habit of regular meals.
If a meal must be postponed for more than an hour, a snack helps to avoid a hunger headache.
19. Why does the speaker say a headache is important?
20. What do specialists suggest we do with headaches?
21. What does the speaker say helps relieve the symptoms of common headaches?
Passage Three
If your paycheck seems to be disappearing into thin air, you may be stuck in money traps.
But don’t despair. Most people can get unstuck without going bankrupt.
The biggest budget mistake is no budget at all.
As one reader put it, “we just put all the bills in a pile, and try to decide which to pay.
As she and others have learned, however, the money usually runs out before the bills do.
The same problem plagues many who do have budget.
In letter after letter we read, “It looks good on paper, but it never seems to work.” Why not?
Often because the budgets are unrealistic.
The solution: make a detailed record of where all your money goes now; then study it carefully.
Look for expenses that can be cut back. And don’t give up in the face of high fixed expenses. Many of these can be reduced too.
In fact, it’s often easier to save on essentials than on enjoyable extras.
If housing takes more than 25 percent of your income, for example, consider moving to a cheaper place, or renting out an extra room.
If utility bills are high, get the whole family involved in a conservation plan.
Some bills can be eliminated altogether.
When one mother realized that cable TV was costing her $500 a year, she decided that network TV wasn’t so bad.
If you question every expense, you can find a few that can be reduced.
22. What does the speaker say is the biggest budget mistake?
23. What does the speaker say about the so-called fixed expenses?
24. What does the speaker suggest people do to save housing expenses?
25. What is mainly discussed in the talk?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
16. A) There are mysterious stories behind his works
B) There are many misunderstandings about him
C) His works have no match worldwide
d) His personal history is little known
17. A) He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood
B) He failed to go beyond grammar school
C) He was a member of the town council
D) He once worked in a well-know acting company
18. A) Writers of his time had no means to protect their works
B) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire
C) His works were adapted beyond recognition
D) People of his time had little interest in him
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It shows you have been ignoring your health
B) It can seriously affect your thinking process
C) It is an early warning of some illness
D) It is a symptom of two much pressure
20. A) Reduce our workload C) Use painkillers for relief
B) Control our temper D) Avoid masking symptom
21. A) Lying down and having some sleep C) Going out for a walk
B) Rubbing and pressing one’s back D) Listening to light music
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) Depending heavily on loans C). Spending beyond one’s means
B) Having no budget plans at all D). Leaving no room for large bills
23. A) Many of them can be cut C) Their payment cannot be delayed
B) All of them have to be covered D) They eat up most of the family income
24. A) Rent a house instead of buying one C) Make a conversation plan
B) Discuss the problem in the family D) Move to a cheaper place
25. A) Financial issues plaguing a family C) Family budget problems and solutions
B) Difficulty in making both ends meet D) New ways to boost family income
Section C
Directions: in this section,you will hear a paasage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is reaf for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Now listen to the passage.
Perhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream, many people go for no particular reason.
Some go because their parents expect it, others because it’s what their friends are doing.
Then, there’s the belief that a college degree will automatically ensure a good job and high pay.
Some students drag through four years, attending classes, or skipping them as the case may be,
reading only what can’t be avoided, looking for less demanding courses, and never being touched or changed in any important way.
For a few of these people, college provides no satisfaction， yet because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot voluntarily leave.
They stop trying in the hope that their teachers will make the decision for them by failing them.
To put it bluntly， unless you’re willing to make your college years count, you might be better off doing something else.
Not everyone should attend college, nor should everyone who does attend begin right after high school.
Many college students profit from taking a year or so off.
A year out in the world helps some people to sort out their priorities and goals.
If you’re really going to get something out of going to college, you have to make it mean something,
and to do that you must have some idea why you’re there, what you hope to get out of it, and probably even what you hope to become.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Perhaps because going to college is so much a part of the American dream, many people go for no(26)_____reason. Some go because their parents ecpect it, others because it’s what their friends are doing.Then, there’s the belief that a college degree will(27)____ensure a good job and high pay.
Some students (28)____ through for years ,attending classes, or skipping(逃课) them as the case may be, reading only what can’t be avoided, looking for less(29)_____courses,and never being touched or changed in any important way. For a few of these people, college provides no(30)____，yet because of parental or peer pressure, they cannot voluntarily leave. They stop trying in the hope that their teachers will make the decision for them by(31)____ them.
To put it bluntly(直截了当地)，unless you’re willing to make your college years count, you might be(32)_____ doing something else. Not everyone should attend college, nor should everyone who does attend begin right after high school. Many college students(33)_____ taking a year or so off. A year out in the world helps some people to(34)_____their priorities and goals. If you’re really going to get something out of going to college, you have to make it mean something, and to do that you must have some idea why you’re there, what you hope to get out of it, and (35)_____even what you hope to become.
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展2）
——6月英语四级真题及答案「」3篇
6月英语四级真题及答案「」1
下载地址入口：
2017年6月英语四级真题及答案下载
6月英语四级真题及答案「」2
一、听力、阅读不手生
老生常谈“得听力、阅读高分者，得天下!”因此，听力和阅读每周至少保证一定的时间。听力每周保证2-3次，30分钟以上的泛听和精听。
泛听的方式：只要是英语，不管是歌曲、美剧、广播、新闻还是演讲、对话、英语美文欣赏，都可以让它们在你的耳边响起，然后至少要看着听力原文，边听边看1次。
精听就是去听写，完成一个任务。1分钟的材料，也能用30分钟去把每个字都听懂，写下来。精听建议四级选择教育类、故事类和文化类;六级选择文化类、商务职场类和科普类等近年来常考的类型去练。
阅读要能够保证每天看1篇英语文章，消灭中间的生单词和长难句!阅读体裁选择议论文、说明文;题材选择教育校园与大家息息相关的文章;经济类和社会类，选择一些英美热点和有争议的话题。
现阶段为备考早期，对于有大量时间、精力投入的同学，不宜过早做听力和阅读真题。5月整整一个月的时间，再做也不迟。否则后期疲软，考前反而没有真题可做。
二、翻译、写作不放松
翻译和写作对于学霸而言，一定要多动笔!
翻译一方面要积累分类词汇和表达，主要是*的文化、经济、历史等方面的词汇。另一方面要先自己翻，翻译完后，看答案;隔3-5天，再试着凭答案的模糊印象，再翻1次。直到自己能接近参考译文，才进入下1篇的练习。
例如：
历史类词汇
封建社会：feudal society
考古遗址：archaeological site
朝代：dynasty
皇帝的：imperial
写作主要是把近3年的作文都写1次，也就是每周写1篇的频率。写完以后，自己注意修改、检查。至少要保证没有单词拼写、语法错误。而且，相信在写的过程中，自然而然就会有针对性地发现自己哪些词汇、表达不会，赶紧补救、背诵下来!
突破瓶颈，大幅提分(目标在425分——500分之间)
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展3）
——6月英语四级翻译题及答案3篇
6月英语四级翻译题及答案1
*的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史。*古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料,形式多样，极富特色。*现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥，位于河北省赵县。安济桥又名赵州桥，桥长50.82米，桥宽9米，为国家重点保护的文物(cultural relic)。清朝末年，兰州黄河铁桥建成，标志着*桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土(concrete)为主要材料的时期。如今，*的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录，*跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列。
参考翻译:
China boasts a long history in bridge construction.With wood and stone as the major buildingmaterials,Chinese ancient bridges vary in forms andare highly distinct.Constructed in the Sui Dynasty,Anji Bridge, which is located in Zhao County,HebeiProvince,is the oldest existing bridge in China.Anji Bridge,also named Zhaozhou Bridge,is akey national protected cultural relic measuring a length of 50.82 meters and a width of 9meters.In the late years of the Qing Dynasty,Huanghe Iron Bridge in Lanzhou was completed,symbolizing that China’s bridge construction stepped into an era of adopting steel andconcrete as the main materials for bridges.Now,bearing many world records,China standsamong world giants in bridge construction.
1.第二句中的“以...为主要建筑材料”可处理为状语，用介词短语with...as the major building materials表达，而“*古代桥梁”宜译为“形式多样，极富特色”的主语，谓语部分“形式多样，极富特色”可处理为并列内容，用and连接，表达为vary in forms and are highly distinct。
2.第三句“*现存最古老的.桥梁…位于河北省赵县”的定语较多，可以拆译成两句。首先译出主要结构Anji Bridge is the bridge,“现存最古老的”有两个形容词，英语中的比较级或最高级形容词通常在其他形容词之前，故译为oldest existing。“隋代建造的”可处理为过去分词短语constructed in the Sui Dynasty 或which引导的定语从句。
3.第四句的主干是“安济桥为国家重点保护的文物”，故把“又名赵州桥”处理为插入语also named...;将“桥长50.82米，桥宽9米”处理为伴随状态的状语，用分词短语measuring a length of...and a width of...译出。
4.倒数第二句中的“兰州黄河铁桥”与“建成”之间是被动关系，翻泽时需把“建成”译为被动式wascompleted。“标志着*…”是结果，故可处理为状语，用现在分词短语symbolizing that...表达。定语“以钢铁和混凝土为主要材料的”较长，可处理为后置定语，用现在分词短语adopting...as the main materials表达，也可用介词短语with...as the main materials翻译。
6月英语四级翻译题及答案2
“*制造”指在*制造的商品所附的标签。由于*有丰富的劳动力资源和原材料资源等优势，*制造的产品物美价廉，受到世界各国的欢迎。*的制造业迅速发展，“*制造”已经成为一个在全球广受认可的标签。目前*已经成为世界制造业的中心，被称为“世界工厂”。尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是*制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的，如今越来越多的*公司致力于开创自己的品牌。希望实现从“*制造”到“*设计”的转变。
参考翻译:
"Made in China" is a label attached to the productsmanufactured in China.Owing to the advantages ofrich labor resources and raw material resources inChina,products made in China are well-received inthe world on account of their competitive price andsuperior quality."Made in China" has become a recognizable label in the world today thanksto the rapid development of the manufacturing industry in China.At present,China has becomethe world’s manufacturing center and is named "World Workshop".Although globally a greatnumber of electronic products and shoes are made in China,all their designs are completed inEuropean and American countries.Nowadays a growing number of Chinese companies aredevoting themselves to establishing their own brands,hoping to be transformed from "Madein China" into "Designed in China".
1.“由于*有丰富的劳动力资源…”,可以使用owing to是“受到世界各国的欢迎”的原因，翻译时可以使用on account of引出理由，避免重复。
2.“*的制造业迅速发展”与“‘*制造’已经成为一个在全球广受认识的标签”是因果关系，为避免与前面表达原因的短语重复，可以使用短语thanks to...。
3.在“尽管全球大量的电子产品和鞋都是*制造，但这些产品的设计都是在欧美国家完成的”中，“电子产品和鞋”是“制造”的受动者，“设计”是“完成”的受动者，故使用被动语态来翻译。
4.最后一句中“希望实现从‘*制造’到‘*设计’的转变”可使用现在分词作状语，译作hoping to betransformed from “Made in China” into “Designed in China”。“实现”一词可省略，把汉语原文中的名词“转变”译作动词transform，这样处理句子更简洁。
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展4）
——6月英语四级听力原题及答案「」3篇
6月英语四级听力原题及答案「」1
1.B Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.
2. D Outside an gallery art.
3.D New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.
4.C Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.
5.D He has found a better position.
6.A They should finish the book as soon as possible.
7.D The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.
8.B The woman is waiting for the call.
6月英语四级听力原题及答案「」2
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Conversation one：
M： Hello. Matt Ellis speaking.
W： Hello， Dr. Ellis， my name‘s Pan Johnson. My roommate， Janet Holmes， wanted me to call you.
M： Janet Holmes? Oh， that‘s right. She’s in my Shakespearean English class. Has anything happened to her?
W： Nothing， it‘s just that she submitted a job application yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today. She’s afraid she won‘t be able to attend your class this afternoon though. I’m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. Janet said it‘s due today.
M： Certainly， that would be fine. Uh， you can either drop it off at my class or bring it to my office.
W： Would it be all right to come by your office around 4：00? I‘m afraid I can’t come any earlier because I have three classes this afternoon.
M： Uh， I won‘t be here when you come. I’m supposed to be at a meeting from 3：00 to 6：00， but how about leaving it with my secretary? She usually stays until 5：00. W： Fine， please tell her I‘ll be there at 4：00. And Dr. Ellis， one more thing， could you tell me where your office is? Janet told me where your class is， but she didn’t give me directions to your office.
M： Well， I‘m in Room 302 of the Gregory Building. I’ll tell my secretary to put the paper in my mail box， and I‘ll get it when I return.
W： I sure appreciate it. Goodbye， Dr. Ellis.
M： Goodbye， Ms. Johnson.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. Why couldn‘t the woman’s roommate attend the Shakespearean English class that afternoon?
10. What favor is the woman going to do for her roommate?
11. What does the woman want to know at the end of the conversation?
Conversation 2：
W： How are things going， Roald?
M： Not bad， Jane. I‘m involved in several projects and it’s a long working day. But I‘m used to that so it doesn’t bother me too much.
W： I heard you have moved to a new house in the suburb. How do you like commuting to London every day? Don‘t you find it a string?
M： It was terrible at first， especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6：30 train. But it‘s bearable now that I’ m used to it.
W： Don‘t you think it’s an awful waste of time? I couldn‘t bear to spend three hours sitting in a train every day.
M： I used to feel the same as you. But now I quite enjoy it.
W： How do you pass the time? Do you bring some work with you to do on the train?
M： Ah， that‘s a good question. In the morning， I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. On the way home at night， I relax with a good book or chat with friends or even have a game of bridge.
W： I suppose you know lots of people on the train now.
M： Yes， I bumped into someone I know on the platform every day. Last week I came across a couple of old school friends and we spend the entire journey in the bar.
W： It sounds like a good club. You never know. I may join it too.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What does the man say about his job?
13. Which train does the man take to work every day?
14. How does the man feel about commuting to work every day now?
15. How does the man spend his time on the morning train?
6月英语四级听力原题及答案「」3
Passage One
Most American college students need to be efficient readers. This is necessary because full-time students probably have to read several hundred pages every week. They don"t have time to read a chapter three or four times. They need to extract as much information as possible from the first or second reading.
An extraordinarily important study skill is knowing how to mark a book. Students mark the main ideas and important details with a pen or pencil, yellow or blue or orange. Some students mark new vocabulary in a different color. Most students write questions or short notes in the margins. Marking a book is a useful skill, but it"s important to do it right. First, read a chapter with one pen in your hand and others next to you on the desk. Second, read a whole paragraph before you mark anything. Don"t mark too much. Usually you will mark about 10% of a passage. Third, decide on your own system for marking. For example, maybe you will mark main ideas in yellow, important details in blue and new words in orange. Maybe you will put question marks in the margin when you don"t understand something and before an exam. Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.
16. What should American college students do to cope with their heavy reading assignments?
17. What suggestion does the speaker give about marking a textbook?
18. How should students prepare for an exam according to the speaker?
Passage Two
The thought of having no sleep for 24 hours or more isn"t a pleasant one for most people. The amount of sleep that each person needs varies. In general, each of us needs about 8 hours of sleep each day to keep us healthy and happy. Some people, however, can get by with just a few hours of sleep at night.
It doesn"t matter when or how much a person sleeps. But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception to this. Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a real exception, for supposedly, he never slept!
Al Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersy. They hoped to challenge the claim that he never slept. But they were surprised. Though they watched him every hour of the day, they never saw Herpin sleeping. He did not even own a bed. He never needed one.
The closest that Herpin came to resting was to sit in a rocking chair and read a half dozen newspapers. His doctors were puzzled by the strange case of permanent sleeplessness. Herpin offered the only clue to his condition. He remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he had been born. Herpin died at the age of 94, never, it seems, having slept at all.
19. What is taken for granted by most people?
20. What do doctors think of Al Herpin"s case?
21. What could have accounted for Al Herpin"s sleeplessness?
Passage Three
Hetty Green was a very spoiled, only child. She was born in Massachusetts USA in 1835. Her father was a millionaire businessman. Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares. At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account. Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited 7.5 million dollars. She went to New York and invested on Wall Street. Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15 cents. She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world. At 33 she married Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia.
Hetty’s meanness was well-known. She always argued about prices in shops. She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog. Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it. She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt. Worst of all, when her son, Ned, fell and injured his knee, she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours looking for free medical help. In the end Ned lost his leg. When she died in 1916 she left her children 100 million dollars. Her daughter built a hospital with her money.
22. What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?
23. How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?
24. Why was Hetty Green much hated?
25. What do we learn about Hetty"s daughter?
2014年6月英语四级真题听力短文部分答案部分：
16. D Get key information by reading just once or twice
17. A Choose one"s own system of marking
18. B By reviewing only the marked parts.
19. D Everybody needs some sleep for survival.
20. C It is a rare exception
21. B His mother"s injury just before his birth.
22. C She developed a strong interest in finance
23. D She inherited a big fortune from her father
24. A She was extremely mean with her money
25. B She built a hospital with her mother"s money
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展5）
——12月英语四级阅读理解真题及答案3篇
12月英语四级阅读理解真题及答案1
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
For decades, Americans have taken for granted the United States’ position in the development of new technologies. The innovations (创新) resulted from research and development during World War II and afterwards were __36__ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of __37__ society now depend, were possible because the United States __38__ then the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the __39__ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.
The decline in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math) seems to be __40__ related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business-Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remedial (补习的) math __41__. and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering __42__ complete a major in those fields.
The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, __43__ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront (前沿) of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the __44__ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn __45__ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries, especially China, than in the United States.
A) accelerating
B) actually
C) closely
D) contemporary
E) courses
F) critical
G) declining
H) degrees
I) especially
J) future
K) led
L) met
M) procedures
N) proportions
O) spheres
12月英语四级阅读理解真题及答案2
Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt, better known as “Baby Doe”. Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines. At any rate, a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.” he said.
As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco.『It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners, in other words, to sup* them with food and supplies, or“grub”, while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.』①He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.
Finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit sup*ing it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself. One more time won’t make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountain side and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.
Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000. This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state.
1. Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT ______.
A. because Tabor became its leading citizen
B. because great deposits of lead is expected to be found there
C. because it could bring good fortune to Tabor
D. because it was renamed
2. The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. to sup* miners with food and supplies
B. to open a general store
C. to do one’s contribution to the development of the mine
D. to sup* miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered
3. Tabor made his first fortune ______.
A. by sup*ing two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findings
B. because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit sup*ing
C. by buying the shares of the other
D. as a land speculator
4. The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is ______.
A. purely accidental
B. based on the *ysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining site
C. through the help from his second wife
D. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step
5. If this passage is the first part of an article ,who might be introduced in the following part?
A. Tabor’s life.
B. Tabor’s second wife, Elizabeth McCourt.
C. Other colorful characters.
D. Tabor’s other careers.
答案解析:
1. C 细节题。因为Leadville可以为Tabor带来巨富。这一点不是Leadville得名的原因，因为在文章第二段中，讲到这一点时，提及三个原因：A.因为Tabor成为当地的居民代表人物，B.因为在Leadville有丰富的铅的储藏量。D.因为Leadville是因为Tabor重要而起的名。
2. D 词汇题。第二段中grubstake的词义与D所述内容是相同的，即“供给探矿者资金，衣物，食品以及其他物品”。
3. A 细节题。Tabor第一次真正发财是他为两名矿工提供资助，为此他获得他们矿资源三分之一的股份。见文章第三段4-9行内容：两名开矿者从Tabor那儿借走价值17美元的物品，作为回报，Tabor获得他们矿资源三分之一股份。于是两位开矿者在一座山旁的不毛之地开始挖掘，九天之后，发现了银的富矿，于是Tabor又将两人的股份全买下，这样，银矿属于Tabor一个人所有，这个矿就是后来著名的“匹兹堡”矿。Tabor用17美元的投资换来了130万美元的收获。
4. B 推断题。由原文可知泰勃的财产来源是有一定偶然性的，但是毕竟也是基于他开创“grubstake”模式，因为A、D都不对，C更是没有根据，因为他还没有娶第二位夫人这一切就发生了。分析泰勃的做法，会得出B选项所示的结论。
5. B 推断题。如果本文是一篇文章的第一部分，那么在文章的第二部分将介绍谁呢?可以从文章第一句分析出来，在Leadville的黄金年代，其多彩的特点当中，Tabor及其第二任妻子Elizabeth McCourt是值得大书特书的，接着，文章都在讲述有关H.A.W.Tabor发家致富的历史，如先买下匹兹堡矿，后又买下Matchless矿，最后成为*，代理州长，等等，所以涉及到的全是男主人公，因此下边再讲的话，应成为女主人公即Elizabeth McCourt的天地了，她是Tabor的第二任妻子。这是顺理成章的事。
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展6）
——2015年12月英语四级真题试卷一200篇
2015年12月英语四级真题试卷一1
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning is a daily experience and lifetime mission.”You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A) They admire the courage of space explorers.
B) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.
C) They were going to watch a wonderful movie.
D) They like doing scientific exploration very much.
2. A) At a gift shop.
B) At a graduation ceremony.
C) In the office of a travel agency.
D) In a school library.
3. A) He used to work in the art gallery.
B) He does not have a good memory.
C) He declined a job offer form the art gallery.
D) He is not interested in any part-time jobs.
4.A) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.
B) He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.
C) The woman should have informed him earlier.
D) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.
5.A) Reward those having made good progress.
B) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.
C) Assign more workers to the project.
D) Encourage the staff to work in small groups.
6. A) The way to the visitor’s parking.
B) The rate for parking in Lot C.
C) How far away the parking lot is.
D) Where she can leave her car.
7. A) He regrets missing the classes.
B) He plans to take the fitness classes.
C) He is looking forward to a better life.
D) He has benefited form exercise.
8.A) How to ? work efficiency.
B) How to select secretaries.
C)The responsibilities of secretaries.
D) The secretaries in the man’s company.
Conversation One
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9.A) It is more difficult to learn than English.
B) It is used by more people than English.
C) It will be as commonly used as English.
D) It will eventually become a world language.
10.A) It has words words from many languages,
B) Its popularity with the common people.
C) The influence of the British Empire.
D) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.
11.A) It includes a lot of words form other languages.
B) It has a growing number of newly coined words,
C) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.
D) It is the largest among all languages in the world.
Conversation 2
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A) To return some goods.
B) To ap* for a job.
C) To place an order.
D) To make a complaint.
13. A) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.
B) He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.
C) He has not worked in the sales department for long.
D) He works on a part-time basis for the company.
14. A) It is not his responsibility.
B) It will be free for large orders.
C) It costs 15 more for express delivery.
D) It depends on a number of factors.
15.A) Report the information to her superior.
B) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.
C) Ring back when she comes to a decision.
D) Make inquiries with some other companies.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) No one knows exactly where they were ？
B) No one knows for sure when thy came into being.
C) No one knows for what purpose they were ？
D) No one knows what they will ？
17. A) Carry ropes across rivers.
B) Measure the speed of wind.
C) Pass on secret messages.
D) Give warnings of danger.
18. A) To protect houses against lightning.
B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.
C) To find out the strength of silk for kites.
D) To prove the lightning is electricity.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A) She enjoys teaching languages.
B) She can speak several languages.
C) She was trained to be an interpreter.
D) She was born with a talent for languages.
20. A) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.
B) They would like to live abroad permanently.
C) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.
D) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.
21.A) She became an expert in horse racing.
B) She got a chance to visit several European countries.
C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.
D) She learned to appreciate classical music.
22. A) Taste the beef and give her comment.
B) Take part in a cooking competition.
C) Teach vocabulary for food in ?
D) Give cooking lessons on ？
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) He had only a third-grade education.
B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.
C) He grew up in a poor ？
D) He often helped his ？
24.A) Careless.
B) Stupid.
C) Brave.
D) Active.
25.A) Write two book reports a week.
B) Keep a diary.
C) Help with housework.
D) Watch education??
Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
When you look up at the night sky, what do you see?There are other bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most of this is a comet. Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed. They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses. these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do. As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gasses in it begin to unfreeze. They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail. The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are that can help this phenomenon in the night sky. In any given year，about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can’t see them all of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the _________eye. Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit bought it _________to the earth within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won’t be back for another 4 thousand years or so.
Part Ш Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given
in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December 36 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.
Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.
EI niuo, Spanish for “the child”, 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich(营养丰富的")water that supports large fish 45 ,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Section B
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Perfect Essay
A) Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn’t. Her expectations were high—impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.
B) When good students turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page.“Flawless.” This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of course, I had heard that genius could show itself at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously, I did what and professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn’t get very far. The first person I told was my mother.
C) My mother, who is just shy of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris(得意忘形)or by the fact that my English teacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In and event. My mother and her red pen showed me how dee* flawed a flaw less essay could be. At the time, I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions(过渡), structure, style and voice. But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.
D) First off, it hurts. Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existential imprint(印记)on you as a person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally. I say that we should never listen to these people.
E) Criticism, at its best, is dee* personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. Conveniently, they are also the people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me it took the form of my first, and I hope only, encounter with writer’s block—I was not able to produce anything for three years.
F) Franz Kafka once said; “Writing is utter solitude(独处), the descent into the cold abyss(深渊)of oneself.” My mother’s criticism had shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make the introspective(内省的)descent that writing requires you are not always pleased by what you find. But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that Kafka might be wrong about the solitude, I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “It is a thing of no great difficulty.”according to Plutarch, “to raise objections against another man’s speech. it is a very easy matter, but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome.” I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother’s guidance, but I can’t recall them. What I remember, however, is how she took up the“extremely troublesome”work of ongoing criticism.
G) There are two ways to interpret Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should be able to produce“a better in its place.”In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist she critiques(评论).My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something slightly different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero’s claim that one should“criticize by creation, not by finding fault.”Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms—a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.
H) My mother said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself. For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any—the type I could have found on my own—I had to start from scratch. From scratch. Once the essay was“flawless,” she would take an evening to walk me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.
I) She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon(行话). She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech.“Writers can’t bluff(虚张声势)their way through ignorance.” That was news to me—I would need to find another way to structure my daily existence.
J) She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression.“John,” she almost whispered. I leaned in to hear her: “I can’t hear you when you shout at me.” So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writing improved.
K) Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed something important in my mother’s lessons about creativity and perfection. Perhaps the point of writhing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish. Whitman repeatedly reworked“song of Myself” between 1855 and 1891. Repeatedly. We do our absolute best with a piece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal. And, for the time being, we settle. In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46. The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.
47. The author’s mother taught him a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.
48. A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.
49. Writers may experience periods of time in their life when they just can’t produce anything.
50. The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as“flawless”.
51. Criticizing someone’s speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.
52. The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and caring instructor.
53. The criticism the author received from his mother changed his as a person.
54. The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.
55. Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.
Section C
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping-where you hand over notes and count out change in return—now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters，like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a comer shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores—Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance—you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.
Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink (眨眼) of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet—that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness—represent something that *?
But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone of an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as pebble (鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.
56. What is happening to the wallet?
A) It is disappearing.
C) it is becoming costly.
B) It is being fattened.
D) It is changing in style.
57. How are business transactions done in big modern stores?
A) Individually.
C) In the abstract.
B) Electronically.
D) Via a cash register.
58. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?
A) Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.
B) The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.
C) Earning money is getting more difficult.
D) Spending money is so fast and easy.
59. Why does the author choose to write about what’s happening to the wallet?
A) It represents a change in the modern world.
B) It has something to do with everybody’s life.
C) It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.
D) It is the concern of contemporary economists.
60.What can we infer from the passage about the author?
A)He is resistant to social changes.
B)He is against technological progress.
C)He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.
D)He fells insecure in the ever-changing modern world.
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Everybody sleeps,but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture.From data collected,it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep,on average,are sporting events,time changes,and holidays.
Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time”starting on October 26.
Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year’s Eve, Russians have the world’s latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am.
Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.
Similarly, Americans’ late nights late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.
Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey(冰球)final.
The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation(剥夺), The worst night for sleep in the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.
It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns, in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking, If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
61. What does the author say about people’s sleeping habits?
A) They are culture-related
C)They change with the seasons.
B) They affect people’s health.
D)They vary from person to person.
62.What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?
A) They don’t fall asleep until very late.
B) They don’t sleep much on weekends.
C) They get less sleep on public holidays.
D) They sleep longer than people elsewhere.
63.What is the major cause for Europeans’ loss of sleep?
A) The daylight savings time.
B) The colorful night life.
C) The World Cup.
D) The summertime.
64.What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their patterns?
A) They have trouble falling asleep.
B) They want to get sufficient sleep.
C) They are involved in a sleep research.
D) They want to go to bed on regular hours.
65. What does the author im* in the last paragraph?
A) Sleeplessness does harm to people’s health.
B) Few people really know the importance of sleep.
C) It is important to study our sleep patterns.
D) Average people probably sleep less than the rich.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
云南省的丽江古镇是*著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数*的城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于人生，为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂。
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展7）
——6月英语四级选词填空真题「完整版」3篇
6月英语四级选词填空真题「完整版」1
选词填空
The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops, for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a _____(26)recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a _____(27)ingredient in residue(残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots, funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapes of the containers _____(28)they were used to brew, filter, and store beer.They may be ancient “beer-making toolkits,” and the earliest _____(29)evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To _____(30)that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried _____(31)inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like millet and barley(大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, _____(32)likely, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn’t become a _____(33)food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they suggest barley may have _____(34)in the region not as food, but as_____(35)material for beer brewing beer.
6月英语四级选词填空真题「完整版」2
原文
Beer recipes change over time. Hops, for example—which give many a modern brewski its bitter, citrusy flavor—are a relatively recent addition to the beverage, first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a surprising ingredient in residue from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered pottery fragments from pots, funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapes of the containers suggest they were used to brew, filter, and store beer—they may be ancient “beer-making toolkits,” and the earliest direct evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To test that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried dregs inside the vessels. about a third of the starch grains they found were pitted, swollen, folded, or distorted—types of mangling that can occur during the malting and mashing needed to make beer. The majority of the grains—about 80%—were from cereal crops like millet and barley, and about 10% were bits of tubers, including yam and lily, which would have sweetened the brew, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn’t become a staple food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. based on that timing, they suggest barley may have arrived in the region not as food, but as fodder for brewing beer.
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展8）
——大学英语四级作文真题3篇
大学英语四级作文真题1
【题目】
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
【参考范文】
Facing the two options, I will choose to take a job in a company. There are mainly two reasons for my choice.
On one hand, I am eager to ap* what I’ve learned to practice since I have got so many years’ schooling. Moreover, I am somewhat tired of the “ivory tower” life and ready for the “real world” life, for I assume that I can learn more from getting in touch with society. On the other hand, my family needs my financial support, because my parents are getting older and older and making less and less. Though it doesn’t take much to pursue my further study, I cannot support my parents financially if I choose to go to a graduate school.
To sum up, to take a job in a company meets my desire of learning from practice and support my parents financially, which is a better choice for me.
【参考译文】
面对两个选择，我会选择去公司工作。作出这个选择，主要有两个原因。
一方面，因为接受了这么多年的学校教育，我急于把自己的所*用到实践中。另外，我有些厌倦象牙塔生活了，准备迎接现实生活，因为我认为从接触社会中会学到更多。另一方面，我的家庭需要我的经济支持吗，因为我的父母变得越来越老，挣得越来越少。虽然继续学业并不会花多少钱，但是如果我去读研究生我就不能从经济上支持我的父母。
总之，在公司工作，既满足我从实践中学习的.愿望，也满足我从经济上支持我的父母的愿望，对我来说是一个更好的选择。
6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇（扩展9）
——英语四级12月作文真题 (菁选2篇)
英语四级12月作文真题1
真题：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文：
Job hunting becomes increasingly tough for college students, for it is not only hard to be hired with a satisfying salary, but also difficult to choose a suitable work place. More and more students are to face the options between a state-owned business and a joint venture. As for me, I definitely prefer the latter.
From a personal perspective, the joint venture generally offers a higher salary than the state-owned enterprise, which tends to meet the high expectation from me. As is universally known, with more money paid, more passion will be devoted to work. On the community level, the joint venture always possesses a more cooperative meanwhile more competitive working atmosphere, making every employee fully involved in working. And I strongly believe that competition brings about progress.
In conclusion, the joint venture is much more suitable for me to work in than the state-owned business, for I prefer a higher salary, as well as a more competitive atmosphere.
英语四级12月作文真题2
真题：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
范文：
Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students" opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own, but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.
As to myself, I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. In my view, With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates， some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years，there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ,College students who start businesses are pioneers，among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenges， they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.
All in all, the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason， business-launching college graduates are more admirable， and thus they command our deep respect.
版权声明：
1.文驰范文网的资料来自互联网以及用户的投稿，用于非商业性学习目的免费阅览。
2.《2023年6月英语四级考试真题及答案文字版3篇》一文的著作权归原作者所有，仅供学习参考，转载或引用时请保留版权信息。
3.如果本网所转载内容不慎侵犯了您的权益，请联系我们，我们将会及时删除。
本栏目阅读排行
栏目最新
- 1银行党支部抓党建工作责任清单
- 22024平安建设经验做法：打好基层治理“组合拳”,夯实平安建设“压舱石”
- 32024年对新时代老干部工作队伍建设思考【完整版】
- 4党纪条规集中学习月活动知识测试主持词（全文）
- 5X县贯彻落实中央环境保护督察组督察反馈意见整改方案（2024年）
- 6董事长在红色教育主题活动期间讲话（集团公司）（全文完整）
- 72024年县长在全县总河湖长会议上主持讲话
- 82024年研讨发言：锻造忠诚品质品格,坚决对党绝对忠诚
- 92024年度在中学“全国中小学生安全教育日”主题升旗仪式上发言（2024年）
- 10在党风廉政建设工作推进会上讲话【完整版】
- 112024主题教育学习党章心得体会之用党章党规党纪约束自己一言一行（范文推荐）
- 122024年中青班交流研讨会上发言提纲